1 What’s the SOC 

SOC Means The State of Charge (SOC) , It is calculated by dividing the current charge level by the maximum charge level.

SOC (%) = (Remaining Capacity / Maximum Capacity) × 100

It is a percent of the  data . So  some factor will effect it 

• SoC=100% means fully charging 
• SoC=0% means fully discharge  the tips  we don’t suggest to keep 0% for long time . it will hurt the battery to use 

2  the importance of the SOC On the applications

      1) firstly  BMS core parameters, It determine charge and discharge protection thresholds.
       2) secondly  It Displays battery level ,it is the base to  estimate the lasting range.
       3)  Thirdly  it is the Basis for balancing, thermal management, and power limiting.
      4.)  fourthly it is the Basis for energy storage/electric vehicle billing and dispatching.

3 SoC Characteristics of Different Battery Cells

      1) )irstly Ternary Lithium NCM

Operating SoC range: 20%~90% (daily use). Voltage range: 3.0V~4.2V

Good OCV linearity, simple SoC estimation

      2) secondly  Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)

Extremely wide platform, spanning 20%~80% SoC around 3.2V. Voltage changes are only noticeable at low and high SoC. Requires a calibration algorithm; otherwise, the battery level display will show abrupt changes.

Pls note . our last article to introduce the deep charge deep discharge for the BMS to get more exact SOC 

Deep charging Deep discharging of Lithium ion Battery

   3) Thirdly  Lithium Titanate (LTO)
Stable voltage platform, SoC differentiation difficulty is between the two.

4 Usage Range Recommendations (Extending Lifespan)

now most of the battery of E-Bike , E-motor and electric tuktuk keke  and the other storage energy system are using the smart BMS .

how to use it to exteend the life , now it is the tips as below :

   1) firstly Energy Storage/Low-Speed Vehicles like E-BIKE E -tricycle : Maintain 20%~80% SoC for extended periods
  2) Secondly Passenger Vehicle Ternary Lithium Cell (NCM) s: Avoid prolonged full charge (100%) for daily use; for long-term parking, adjust to 50%~60% 

   3 )Thirdly  LFP Energy Storage is always LFP Battery. pls  Avoid prolonged periods below 10% SoC, as this can easily lead to lithium plating and capacity is reduced too much . 

Therefore you need to know whats type of  Lithium ion Battery . they are using on your vehicles .then treat them on different SOC  to charge , discharge and keep them 

5  Differentiating Easily Confused Concepts

 According to my personal idea. it is really important for us to use the Lithium ion Battery . I hope it will help you 

In addition, i Hope all of my customer is using the smart BMS  or voltmeter to measure the present voltage . when  the using time ,is more , the capacity of the battery will reduce . so  it is necessary to master the  exact SOC .

Finally do you know how to charge and discharge your battery or now now . 

all of above is just the basic information,  if you have more question , lets study together